| Another Child Abuse Story:
Connie Mercado in her own words...
"Imagine a child riding in a car with a social
worker that they hardly know. To a town that they have never heard
before. Their mothers last words ringing over and over again in
their head...."they're sending you to jail". "They're
gonna beat you in there". Imagine how frightened they must
be. Imagine, if you will, this child getting out of the car with
that social worker, walking up a huge set of stairs. Their little
fists are clenched tightly, their heart is racing and tears are
filling their eyes. As they walk up those stairs with their head
hung low all they can think is "What did I do to deserve this?"
Now picture the look on their face as they look up and see the words
"All who enter here find love", shining brightly above
two enormous wooden doors. For much of my young life, I had been
physically abused by my mother. And just 4 days after my 7th birthday,
my father sexually abused me. At the age of 3 my mother slammed
my head into the corner of a glass coffee table. And one time I
refused to get my mother a beer, she place my hand on an electric
stove, burning my hand so badly that I had the circular pattern
seared on my tiny hand for weeks. Both of my parents were alcoholics
and used drugs. So when they were high, they would fight and when
they fought it got bad. My father would end up leaving and every
hour that my father was gone my mother would beat us more and more.
She would beat us just for looking like him. It wasn't until a teacher
approached me on the school yard, in my yellow little dress and
asked me "What happened to your legs?", that someone realized
that something horrible was going on at home. So after multiple
foster homes and even Juvenile Hall (McClaren), because there were
no foster homes with available beds, there I stood just 9 1/2 years
old, looking up at those bright words...All who enter here find
love. That is my first memory of Children's Village (Childhelp ).
Not the jail that my mother told me that I was going to, but a safe
haven, a place where I could be a child and not have the constant
fear that I was going to be hit. The Village is where I was LOVED,
unconditionally and where I was nurtured. It is where I flourished
and it was there that I learned that love does not hurt. I survived
all that I was put through because I was LOVED.I was loved by by
people , who believe they can make a difference in the life of a
child, people like yourself who go out and encourage family and
friends that there is a need to abolish this preventable epidemic.
At 35, I am the proud mother of 4 beautiful children. I am raising
them with my fiance and his incredible loving family in Massachusetts.
It was here (at Childhelp ) that I learned everything I know now.
How to parent better, how to love unconditionally, how to forgive
and accept that we are all human and that we all make mistakes.
The best three years of my young life."
CLICK HERE TO VISIT
CHILD HELP
Prevention
of Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities
Study Number: 9
How many children died in 1995 as a result
of maltreatment?
According to information from 34 states representing 67.3% of the
U.S. population under the age of 18, an estimated 1,215 child maltreatment
deaths were confirmed by child protective service (CPS) agencies
in 1995.1 This figure undercounts the actual number of
maltreatment fatalities, however, as some number of accidental deaths,
child homicides, SIDS cases and deaths attributed to undetermined
causes should be labeled child maltreatment fatalities.2
According to a 1993 study by McClain et al., an estimated 85% of
deaths due to parental maltreatment were coded as due to some other
cause on the child's death certificate.3
Is the number of child fatalities increasing?
Over 3 children died each day last year as a result of parental
maltreatment.4 A national survey conducted by Prevent
Child Abuse America early in 1995 suggests that the number of confirmed
child abuse fatalities increased 39% over the last 10 years. This
trend is not surprising given the increase in poverty, substance
abuse, and violence experienced by many communities.5
Is there a corresponding increase in child
abuse reports?
Based on reporting data collected from 37 states and the District
of Columbia, a little over 3 million children were reported for
child abuse in 1995, approximately 2% more than had been reported
in 1994. Overall, child abuse reporting rates have risen by an average
of 4% each year between 1990 and 1995. The total number of reports
has increased nationwide by 49% since 1986.6
What children are most likely to die from
maltreatment?
Young children are at the highest risk. Research indicates that
between 1993 and 1995, 85% of fatalities occurred to children under
the age of five, with 45% to children under the age of one.7
Other studies have found that child abuse ranks as the second leading
cause of death, after accidents, for children between one and five
years old.8
How and why do these fatalities occur?
It is difficult to pinpoint one main cause for all fatalities attributed
to child maltreatment. Between 1993 and 1995, 37% of all fatalities
were the result of neglect, 48% from abuse, and 15% as a result
of both forms of maltreatment.9 As a result, a few factors
related to these fatalities seem to present themselves year after
year. According to a 1995 report by Prevent Child Abuse America,
states reported that substance abuse, by the abuser, was involved
in anywhere from 4% to 65% of all substantiated cases.10
Additionally, 46% of children who died between 1993 and 1995 had
prior or recent contact with CPS agencies.11 This may
signify that these are the only deaths that are investigated by
many states. As a result, we can expect that a high percentage of
reported deaths involve such children. Also, however, there is much
difficulty in providing sufficient services to all victims which
may also contribute to child maltreatment fatalities.
How can more child abuse fatalities be
prevented?
Improving the ability of child protective service agencies to assist
their clients by reducing caseloads, expanding training of caseworkers,
and funding more treatment services for victims will help reduce
fatalities. Child protective services, however, cannot prevent all
fatalities single-handedly. Other formal institutions such as schools
and hospitals as well as informal, personal networks should play
an active role in identifying and assessing families at risk of
abusive or neglectful behavior. Finally, alcohol and drug treatment
services need to be expanded and made more accessible to pregnant
and parenting women.
One of the most promising prevention
strategies for reducing early childhood injuries is the provision
of comprehensive home health visitors to all expectant and new mothers,
or at the very least, to mothers in high risk neighborhoods.12
In 1991, Prevent Child Abuse America introduced Healthy Families
America, a comprehensive home visiting initiative. Such services
offer instruction and support regarding prenatal care, parenting
skills, household management, and coping with environmental dangers.
As a 1996 report on Hawaii's Healthy Start home visitation program
concluded, home visiting produces measurable benefits for participants
in the areas of parental attitudes toward children, parent-child
interaction patterns, and type and quantity of child maltreatment.13
Evaluations of other home visitation programs also are underway,
specifically evaluations of Healthy Families America sites. This
form of primary prevention demonstrates not only a social commitment
to a child's well-being from the point of birth, but also a strong
commitment to the welfare of society.
References
1Lung, C. & Daro D. (1996) Current Trends in
Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The Results of the 1995 Annual
Fifty State Survey. Chicago: National Committee to Prevent Child
Abuse.
2See Bass, M., R. Kravath, and L. Glass (1986) "Death
Scene Investigation in Sudden Infant Death." New England Journal
of Medicine, July: 100-105; L. Mitchel (1987), Child Abuse and
Neglect Fatalities: A Review of the Problem and Strategies for Reform.
Chicago: National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse; and Report
of the Auditor General of California's Records on the Incidence
of Child Abuse. Sacramento: Auditor General's Office, August,
1988.
3McClain, P., Sacks, J., Froehlke, R., and Ewigman, D.
(1993). Estimates of fatal child abuse and neglect, United States,
1979 through 1988. Pediatrics, 91, 338-343.
4Lung & Daro, 1996.
5Ibid.
6Ibid.
7Ibid.
8See "Child Abuse Fatalities," Virginia Child Protection
Newsletter, Vol. 32 (Fall, 1990), 1-16.
9Lung & Daro, 1996.
10Wiese, D. and Daro, D. (1995) Current Trends in
Child Abuse Reporting and Fatalities: The Results of the 1994 Annual
Fifty State Survey. Chicago: National Committee to Prevent Child
Abuse.
11Lung & Daro, 1996.
12Daro, D. (1988) Intervening With New Parents: An
Effective Way to Prevent Child Abuse. Chicago: National Committee
to Prevent Child Abuse. February.
13Intensive Home Visitation: A Randomized Trial, Follow-up
and Risk Assessment Study of Hawaii's Healthy Start Program
(1996). Prepared by Center on Child Abuse Prevention Research, NCPCA
for The National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect.
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